Pakistan and India celebrate their independence day on August 14 and 15, respectively.
The countries emerged from the partition of British India in 1947 and have since been geopolitical rivals, fighting several wars and stockpiling nuclear weapons.
They also compete fiercely in the unofficial national sport of cricket, which attracts large audiences in both countries.
Home to a combined total of more than 1.6 billion people, or about a fifth of the global population, the two countries are among the most populous in the world.
India is significantly larger and has an economy to match, but both nations are important globally.
Here are seven charts that compare India and Pakistan in 2023.
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Both countries face demographic challenges and opportunities due to their growing populations.
More than half of India’s population is below the age of 30, with 27.6 the median age.
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Pakistan has an even younger population, with an average age of 20.2, and 65 per cent are under 30.
Both have more men than women, with 106.7 men for every 100 women in India and 101.9 men for every 100 women in Pakistan.
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